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strengthened (verb)

  • 1 strengthened

    усиливать; усиленный
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. confirmed (verb) confirmed; fortified; hardened
    2. encouraged (verb) animated; cheered; encouraged; heartened; nerved
    3. energized (verb) energized; invigorated; reinforced; tightened
    4. readied (verb) braced; forearmed; girded or girt; girt; prepared; readied; steeled
    5. toughened (verb) toughened

    English-Russian base dictionary > strengthened

  • 2 varmistua

    yks.nom. varmistua; yks.gen. varmistun; yks.part. varmistui; yks.ill. varmistuisi; mon.gen. varmistukoon; mon.part. varmistunut; mon.ill. varmistuttiin
    ascertain (verb)
    assure oneself (verb)
    be confirmed (verb)
    be strengthened (verb)
    become certain (verb)
    cinch (verb)
    find out (verb)
    make sure (verb)
    secure (verb)
    * * *
    • become certain
    • become convinced
    • cinch
    • ensure
    • be strengthened
    • make sure
    • ascertain
    • find out
    • be secured
    • be confirmed
    • assure oneself
    • secure
    • be assured

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > varmistua

  • 3 confirmed

    1. a хронический
    2. a убеждённый, закоренелый
    3. a церк. конфирмованный
    4. a подтвердившийся
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. chronic (adj.) accustomed; affirmed; chronic; habitual; habituated; regular; seasoned
    2. established (adj.) accepted; certain; corroborated; established; guaranteed; proved; valid; validated
    3. inveterate (adj.) bred-in-the-bone; deep-dyed; deep-rooted; deep-seated; dyed-in-the-wool; entrenched; hard-shell; ingrained; inveterate; irradicable; set; settled; sworn
    4. approved (verb) affirmed; approved; ratified
    5. backed (verb) attested; authenticated; backed; bear out; bore out/borne out; corroborated; demonstrated; established; justified; proved; showed; substantiated; testified; validated; verified; warranted
    6. strengthened (verb) confirmed; fortified; hardened; strengthened

    English-Russian base dictionary > confirmed

  • 4 hardened

    1. a твёрдый, затвердевший
    2. a стойкий, закалённый
    3. a закоренелый
    4. a укоренившийся; неизменный, непоколебимый
    5. a бессердечный, ожесточённый
    6. a спец. закалённый
    7. a воен. защищённый; взрывозащищённый
    8. a воен. укреплённый
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. hard (adj.) casehardened; hard; hardy; rugged; tough
    2. no longer soft (adj.) firm; frozen; no longer soft; rigid; rigidified; solidified; stiff; stiffened; taut
    3. tougher or stronger (adj.) accustomed; disciplined; inured; inured to hardship; steeled; toughened; tougher or stronger; trained
    4. unfeeling (adj.) callous; cold-blooded; coldhearted; cold-hearted; compassionless; hard-boiled; hardhearted; hard-hearted; heartless; ironhearted; marblehearted; obdurate; stony; stonyhearted; uncompassionate; unemotional; unfeeling; unsympathetic
    5. seasoned (verb) acclimated; acclimatised; acclimatized; casehardened; seasoned; stiffened; toughened
    6. set (verb) caked; concreted; congealed; dried; indurated; petrified; set; solidified
    7. strengthened (verb) confirmed; fortified; hardened; strengthened

    English-Russian base dictionary > hardened

  • 5 fortified

    1. a воен. укреплённый
    2. a креплёный
    3. a обогащённый; витаминизированный
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. dug in (adj.) barricaded; dug in; entrenched; ingrained; protected; safely ensconced; securely established
    2. readied (verb) braced; forearmed; girded or girt; girt; prepared; readied; steeled
    3. strengthened (verb) confirmed; energized; hardened; invigorated; reinforced; strengthened

    English-Russian base dictionary > fortified

  • 6 tightened

    уплотненный; уплотняемый
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. strengthened (verb) reinforced; strengthened
    2. tensed (verb) stiffened; tensed

    English-Russian base dictionary > tightened

  • 7 lujittua

    yks.nom. lujittua; yks.gen. lujitun; yks.part. lujittui; yks.ill. lujittuisi; mon.gen. lujittukoon; mon.part. lujittunut; mon.ill. lujituttiin
    be cemented (verb)
    be strengthened (verb)
    become firm (verb)
    consolidate (verb)
    grow firmer (verb)
    grow stable (verb)
    set (verb)
    stiffen (verb)
    strengthen (verb)
    * * *
    • consolidate
    • strengthen
    • stiffen
    • set
    • grow firmer
    • become firmer
    • become firm
    • be cemented
    • grow stable

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > lujittua

  • 8 voimistua

    yks.nom. voimistua; yks.gen. voimistun; yks.part. voimistui; yks.ill. voimistuisi; mon.gen. voimistukoon; mon.part. voimistunut; mon.ill. voimistuttiin
    be strengthened (verb)
    become strong (verb)
    become stronger (verb)
    gain strength (verb)
    recover strength (verb)
    recruit (verb)
    redouble (verb)
    strengthen (verb)
    * * *
    • recover strength
    • become stronger
    • warm up
    • strengthen
    • regain strength
    • redouble
    • recruit
    • recover
    • increase in power
    • gather strength
    • accelerate
    • brighten up
    • become more powerful
    • become strong
    • pick up
    • gain strength

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > voimistua

  • 9 vahvistua

    yks.nom. vahvistua; yks.gen. vahvistun; yks.part. vahvistui; yks.ill. vahvistuisi; mon.gen. vahvistukoon; mon.part. vahvistunut; mon.ill. vahvistuttiin
    be strengthened (verb)
    gain strength (verb)
    intensify (verb)
    strengthen (verb)
    confirmed (adje)
    grow in strength
    * * *
    • intensify
    • grow in strength
    • thrive
    • strengthen
    • gain strength
    • confirmed
    • brighten up
    • pick up

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > vahvistua

  • 10 reforzar

    v.
    1 to reinforce.
    Ricardo refuerza los muelles Richard reinforces the docks.
    2 to strengthen, to consolidate.
    Las penurias reforzaron al grupo Hardship strengthened the group.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ FORZAR], like link=forzar forzar
    1 to reinforce, strengthen
    1 to be reinforced, be strengthened
    * * *
    verb
    to reinforce, bolster
    * * *
    VT
    1) (Arquit, Carpintería) to reinforce
    2) (=fortalecer) to reinforce, strengthen
    3) (Mil) to reinforce
    4) [+ dosis] to increase
    5) (Fot) to intensify
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    a) <puerta/costura> to reinforce; < guardia> to increase, strengthen; < relaciones> to reinforce
    b) (Fot) to intensify
    * * *
    = cement, lend + force, reinforce, strengthen, undergird, bolster, add + Posesivo + weight to, beef up, place + Nombre + on a firmer footing, boost, buttress.
    Ex. An in-house bulletin may serve to cement firm relationships with the library's personnel.
    Ex. The scale of computerization lends new force to the arguments in favour of centralized cataloguing.
    Ex. As information-retrieval software becomes available in more user friendly packages, the trend towards local computerized information-retrieval systems is likely to be reinforced.
    Ex. He proposes a research agenda that could strengthen archival appraisal and the profession's ability to document society.
    Ex. Both libraries sought to undergird their partnership essential to a central role in collegiate education.
    Ex. Bibliometric studies used to bolster the subjective opinions of librarians are not always useful for specialized areas.
    Ex. But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.
    Ex. The author advocates that the Canadian LA needs rehashing and beefing up = El autor postula que la Asociación de Bibliotecarios Canadiense necesita reestructurarse y fortalecerse.
    Ex. Information security management has been placed on a firmer footing with the publication of standards by national bodies.
    Ex. If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.
    Ex. Authors were often buttressed in their novel writing by other pieces of freelance writing.
    ----
    * reforzar una idea = reinforce + idea, reinforce + notion, strengthen + the view.
    * reforzar un prejuicio = reinforce + prejudice.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    a) <puerta/costura> to reinforce; < guardia> to increase, strengthen; < relaciones> to reinforce
    b) (Fot) to intensify
    * * *
    = cement, lend + force, reinforce, strengthen, undergird, bolster, add + Posesivo + weight to, beef up, place + Nombre + on a firmer footing, boost, buttress.

    Ex: An in-house bulletin may serve to cement firm relationships with the library's personnel.

    Ex: The scale of computerization lends new force to the arguments in favour of centralized cataloguing.
    Ex: As information-retrieval software becomes available in more user friendly packages, the trend towards local computerized information-retrieval systems is likely to be reinforced.
    Ex: He proposes a research agenda that could strengthen archival appraisal and the profession's ability to document society.
    Ex: Both libraries sought to undergird their partnership essential to a central role in collegiate education.
    Ex: Bibliometric studies used to bolster the subjective opinions of librarians are not always useful for specialized areas.
    Ex: But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.
    Ex: The author advocates that the Canadian LA needs rehashing and beefing up = El autor postula que la Asociación de Bibliotecarios Canadiense necesita reestructurarse y fortalecerse.
    Ex: Information security management has been placed on a firmer footing with the publication of standards by national bodies.
    Ex: If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.
    Ex: Authors were often buttressed in their novel writing by other pieces of freelance writing.
    * reforzar una idea = reinforce + idea, reinforce + notion, strengthen + the view.
    * reforzar un prejuicio = reinforce + prejudice.

    * * *
    vt
    1 ‹puerta/pared/costura› to reinforce; ‹guardia› to increase, strengthen
    han reforzado las medidas de seguridad security has been stepped up o tightened
    esto refuerza las buenas relaciones entre los dos países this reinforces o strengthens the good relations between the two countries
    2 ( Fot) to intensify
    * * *

     

    reforzar ( conjugate reforzar) verbo transitivopuerta/costura to reinforce;
    guardia to increase, strengthen;
    relaciones to reinforce;
    medidas de seguridad to step up, tighten
    reforzar verbo transitivo
    1 (fortalecer) to reinforce, strengthen: solo lo hace para reforzar sus convicciones, he only does it to reinforce his convictions
    2 (incrementar) han reforzado la vigilancia, vigilance has been stepped up
    ' reforzar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    bolster
    - brace
    - reinforce
    - stiffen
    - strengthen
    - fortify
    - tighten
    * * *
    1. [hacer resistente] to reinforce;
    reforzaron los pilares del puente they reinforced the piers of the bridge
    2. [intensificar] to strengthen;
    han reforzado las medidas de seguridad en torno al palacio they have tightened security around the palace
    3. Fot to intensify
    * * *
    v/t estructura, idea reinforce; vigilancia increase, step up
    * * *
    reforzar {36} vt
    1) : to reinforce, to strengthen
    2) : to encourage, to support
    * * *
    reforzar vb to strengthen

    Spanish-English dictionary > reforzar

  • 11 reinforced

    1. a воен. усиленный, получивший пополнение или подкрепление
    2. a армированный

    fiber reinforced material — материал, армированный волокном

    earth reinforced with grids — грунт, армированный сетками

    3. a тех. с повышенной прочностью, жёсткостью
    Синонимический ряд:
    strengthened (verb) energized; fortified; invigorated; strengthened; tightened

    English-Russian base dictionary > reinforced

  • 12 strengthen

    see strong
    strengthen vb reforzar / fortalecer
    tr['streŋɵən]
    1 (wall, glass, defence, etc) reforzar; (muscle) fortalecer
    2 (character, faith, love) fortalecer; (support) aumentar; (relationship, ties) consolidar, fortalecer; (resolve, determination) redoblar, intensificar
    1 (muscle) fortalecerse
    2 (economy, currency) reforzarse, fortalecerse; (relationship) consolidarse, reforzarse, fortalecerse; (support, opposition, feeling) intensificarse, aumentar
    strengthen ['strɛŋkɵən] vt
    1) : fortalecer (los músculos, el espíritu, etc.)
    2) reinforce: reforzar
    3) intensify: intensificar, redoblar (esfuerzos, etc.)
    1) : fortalecerse, hacerse más fuerte
    2) intensify: intensificarse
    v.
    acerar v.
    adminicular v.
    arraigar v.
    cimentar v.
    esforzar v.
    fortalecer v.
    nutrir v.
    rebatir v.
    reforzar v.
    robustecer v.
    tonificar v.
    'streŋθən
    1.
    transitive verb \<\<muscle/limb/teeth\>\> fortalecer*; \<\<wall/furniture/glass\>\> reforzar*; \<\<support\>\> aumentar, acrecentar*

    this has strengthened my conviction that... — esto me ha convencido aún más de que...


    2.
    vi \<\<limb/muscle\>\> fortalecerse*; \<\<opposition/support\>\> aumentar, acrecentarse*
    ['streŋθǝn]
    1. VT
    1) (lit) [+ wall, roof, building] reforzar; [+ back, muscle] fortalecer
    2) (fig) [+ currency, economy, bond, relationship, character] fortalecer, consolidar; [+ government] consolidar; [+ case, argument, law] reforzar; [+ power] consolidar, afianzar; [+ resolve, belief, impression] reafirmar; [+ person] (morally) fortalecer

    her rejection only strengthened his resolve — el rechazo de ella solo sirvió para hacer más firme su propósito de conquistarla

    to strengthen sb's position, strengthen sb's hand — afianzar la posición de algn

    2. VI
    1) (lit) [muscle, arm, back] fortalecerse; [wind, storm] hacerse más fuerte
    2) (fig) [currency, economy] fortalecerse, consolidarse; [prices] afianzarse; [desire, determination] redoblarse, intensificarse
    * * *
    ['streŋθən]
    1.
    transitive verb \<\<muscle/limb/teeth\>\> fortalecer*; \<\<wall/furniture/glass\>\> reforzar*; \<\<support\>\> aumentar, acrecentar*

    this has strengthened my conviction that... — esto me ha convencido aún más de que...


    2.
    vi \<\<limb/muscle\>\> fortalecerse*; \<\<opposition/support\>\> aumentar, acrecentarse*

    English-spanish dictionary > strengthen

  • 13 strengthen

    1. transitive verb
    (give power to) stärken; (reinforce, intensify, increase in number) verstärken; erhöhen [Anteil]; (make more effective) unterstützen

    strengthen somebody's resolvejemanden in seinem Entschluss bestärken

    strengthen somebody's hand(fig.) jemandes Position stärken

    2. intransitive verb
    * * *
    see academic.ru/71361/strong">strong
    * * *
    strength·en
    [ˈstreŋ(k)θən]
    I. vt
    to \strengthen sth etw kräftigen [o stärken]; (fortify) etw befestigen [o verstärken]
    to \strengthen the defences [or AM defenses] die Abwehr verstärken
    to \strengthen one's muscles seine Muskeln kräftigen
    to \strengthen sth etw [ver]stärken; (intensify) etw intensivieren; (improve) etw verbessern
    security has been \strengthened die Sicherheitsvorkehrungen wurden verstärkt
    the economy has been \strengthened die Wirtschaftslage hat sich verbessert
    to \strengthen sb's belief/power jds Glauben/Macht stärken
    to \strengthen a currency eine Währung stabilisieren
    to \strengthen a democracy eine Demokratie stärken
    to \strengthen relations/ties Beziehungen/Bindungen festigen [o intensivieren
    3. (support)
    to \strengthen sb jdn bestärken
    to \strengthen sth etw untermauern
    to \strengthen the case for sth gute Gründe für etw akk beibringen [o ÖSTERR angeben
    4. CHEM
    to \strengthen sth etw anreichern
    5.
    to \strengthen one's grip on sth etw besser in den Griff bekommen
    to \strengthen sb's hand jdm mehr Macht geben
    the police want tougher laws to \strengthen their hand against drug traffickers die Polizei will härtere Gesetze, damit sie effizienter gegen Drogenhändler vorgehen kann
    II. vi
    1. (become stronger) stärker werden, erstarken geh; muscles kräftiger werden; wind auffrischen
    the wind \strengthened in the night der Wind hat über Nacht aufgefrischt
    2. FIN, STOCKEX (increase in value) stock market an Wert gewinnen; currency zulegen
    * * *
    ['streŋTən]
    1. vt
    stärken; material, shoes, building, grip, resolve also verstärken; eyesight verbessern; muscles, patient stärken, kräftigen; person (lit) Kraft geben (+dat); (fig) bestärken; currency, market festigen; effect vergrößern
    2. vi
    stärker werden; (wind, desire also) sich verstärken
    * * *
    strengthen [ˈstreŋθn; -ŋkθn]
    A v/t
    1. stärken, stark machen:
    strengthen sb’s hand fig obs jemandem Mut machen
    2. fig bestärken, bekräftigen
    3. verstärken ( auch ELEK, TECH), vermehren ( auch MATH)
    B v/i
    1. stark werden, erstarken
    2. sich verstärken, stärker werden
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    (give power to) stärken; (reinforce, intensify, increase in number) verstärken; erhöhen [Anteil]; (make more effective) unterstützen

    strengthen somebody's hand(fig.) jemandes Position stärken

    2. intransitive verb
    * * *
    v.
    bestärken v.
    sich verstärken v.
    stärken v.
    stärker werden ausdr.
    verstärken v.

    English-german dictionary > strengthen

  • 14 ab

    ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

    AF VOBEIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 3114;

    AF MVRO,

    ib. 6601;

    AF CAPVA,

    ib. 3308;

    AF SOLO,

    ib. 589;

    AF LYCO,

    ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

    abs chorago,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

    abs quivis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    abs terra,

    Cato, R. R. 51;

    and in compounds: aps-cessero,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

    and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

    id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
    I.
    In space, and,
    II.
    Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
    I.
    Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

    Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    fuga ab urbe turpissima,

    Cic. Att. 7, 21:

    ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

    Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

    illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

    all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

    venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

    Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
    b.
    Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

    oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

    quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

    ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

    protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

    profecti a domo,

    Liv. 40, 33, 2;

    of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

    classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

    Liv. 8, 22, 6;

    of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

    Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

    legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

    id. 24, 40, 2.
    c.
    Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

    Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

    libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

    Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

    id. Att. 7, 24:

    cum a vobis discessero,

    id. Sen. 22:

    multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

    so a fratre,

    id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

    a Pontio,

    Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

    ab ea,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
    B.
    Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
    1.
    Of separation:

    ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

    abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

    tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

    Sall. C. 40, 5:

    absint lacerti ab stabulis,

    Verg. G. 4, 14.—
    2.
    Of distance:

    quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

    nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

    id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

    hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

    terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

    non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

    cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

    qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

    quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

    procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

    tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

    v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

    tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

    id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

    tam prope ab domo detineri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

    onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

    eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

    duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

    id. 37, 38, 5). —
    3.
    To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

    picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

    Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

    pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

    on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

    at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

    erat a septentrionibus collis,

    on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In time.
    1.
    From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

    Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

    Juv. 1,40:

    mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

    immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

    Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

    immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

    ab eo magistratu,

    after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

    a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

    after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

    ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

    confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

    Liv. 30, 36, 1:

    statim a funere,

    Suet. Caes. 85;

    and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

    id. ib. 60:

    protinus ab adoptione,

    Vell. 2, 104, 3:

    Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

    soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

    Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

    i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

    secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

    i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
    2.
    With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

    ab hora tertia bibebatur,

    from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

    infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

    since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

    vixit ab omni aeternitate,

    from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

    cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

    Nep. Att. 5, 3:

    in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

    after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

    centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

    since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

    cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

    id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

    ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

    since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

    diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

    quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

    since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

    jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

    from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

    cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

    a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

    Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

    pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

    from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
    b.
    Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

    qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

    from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

    mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

    a pueritia,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    jam inde ab adulescentia,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

    ab adulescentia,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

    jam a prima adulescentia,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

    ab ineunte adulescentia,

    id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

    followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    a primis temporibus aetatis,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    a teneris unguiculis,

    from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

    usque a toga pura,

    id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

    jam inde ab incunabulis,

    Liv. 4, 36, 5:

    a prima lanugine,

    Suet. Oth. 12:

    viridi ab aevo,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

    rarely of animals: ab infantia,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

    qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

    a pausillo puero,

    id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

    a puero,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

    a pueris,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

    ab adulescente,

    id. Quint. 3, 12:

    ab infante,

    Col. 1, 8, 2:

    a parva virgine,

    Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

    a parvis,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

    a parvulo,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

    ab parvulis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

    ab tenero,

    Col. 5, 6, 20;

    and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
    B.
    In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
    1.
    In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

    qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

    quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    condicionem quam ab te peto,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

    mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

    si quid ab illo acceperis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

    quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab defensione desistere,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

    ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

    id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

    ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

    qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

    the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

    tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

    next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

    Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    quid hoc ab illo differt,

    from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

    hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

    id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

    discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

    id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

    quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

    alieno a te animo fuit,

    id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

    subdole ab re consulit,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

    haut est ab re aucupis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

    non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

    a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    disputata ab eo,

    id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

    illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ita generati a natura sumus,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

    pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

    Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

    niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

    quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

    is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

    salvebis a meo Cicerone,

    i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

    a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

    i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

    ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

    levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

    a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    si calor est a sole,

    id. N. D. 2, 52:

    ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    metu poenae a Romanis,

    Liv. 32, 23, 9:

    bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

    id. 3, 22, 2:

    ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

    id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

    lassus ab equo indomito,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

    Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

    Prop. 5, 1, 126:

    tempus a nostris triste malis,

    time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

    vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

    by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

    ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

    Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

    si postulatur a populo,

    if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

    deseror conjuge,

    Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

    and in prose,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

    ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

    (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
    b.
    With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

    pastores a Pergamide,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

    Turnus ab Aricia,

    Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

    obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

    Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
    c.
    In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

    (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

    id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
    d.
    With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

    da, puere, ab summo,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

    da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

    coepere a fame mala,

    Liv. 4, 12, 7:

    cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

    tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

    a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
    e.
    With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

    a foliis et stercore purgato,

    Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

    tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

    Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

    Liv. 21, 11, 5:

    expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

    haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

    ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

    Sall. C. 32:

    ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

    Liv. 21, 35, 12:

    ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

    Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
    f.
    With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

    el metul a Chryside,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

    ab Hannibale metuens,

    Liv. 23, 36; and:

    metus a praetore,

    id. 23, 15, 7;

    v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

    postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

    you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
    g.
    With verbs of fastening and holding:

    funiculus a puppi religatus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
    h.
    Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

    a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
    i.
    Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

    id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
    j.
    Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

    doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

    a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

    a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

    a frigore laborantibus,

    Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

    laborare ab re frumentaria,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
    k.
    Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

    ab ingenio improbus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

    a me pudica'st,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

    orba ab optimatibus contio,

    Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

    locus copiosus a frumento,

    Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

    sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

    id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

    ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

    id. Brut. 16, 63:

    ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

    so often in poets ab arte=arte,

    artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
    l.
    In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

    linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

    thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

    ab honore,

    id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
    m.
    Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

    ab illo injuria,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

    fulgor ab auro,

    Lucr. 2, 5:

    dulces a fontibus undae,

    Verg. G. 2, 243.
    n.
    In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

    scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    nonnuill ab novissimis,

    id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
    o.
    In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

    qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

    ab eo qui sunt,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

    id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
    p.
    To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

    in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

    one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

    a manu servus,

    a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
    q.
    The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

    a peregre,

    Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

    a foris,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

    ab intus,

    ib. ib. 7, 15:

    ab invicem,

    App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

    a longe,

    Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

    a modo,

    ib. ib. 23, 39;

    Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

    a sursum,

    ib. Marc. 15, 38.
    a.
    Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

    Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

    a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

    id. Sen. 6:

    a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

    id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

    res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
    b.
    Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
    c.
    It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

    a vitae periculo,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

    a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    a minus bono,

    Sall. C. 2, 6:

    a satis miti principio,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4:

    damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

    Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
    d.
    The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

    aque Chao,

    Verg. G. 4, 347:

    aque mero,

    Ov. M. 3, 631:

    aque viro,

    id. H. 6, 156:

    aque suis,

    id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

    a meque,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

    abs teque,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

    a teque,

    id. ib. 8, 11, §

    7: a primaque adulescentia,

    id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
    e.
    A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
    III.
    In composition ab,
    1.
    Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
    2.
    It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

  • 15 consolider

    consolider [kɔ̃sɔlide]
    ➭ TABLE 1
    1. transitive verb
    [+ mur, meuble] to reinforce ; [+ fracture] to set [+ accord, amitié, parti, fortune] to consolidate ; [+ monnaie] to strengthen
    2. reflexive verb
    se consolider [régime, parti] to strengthen its position ; [fracture] to set
    * * *
    kɔ̃sɔlide
    1.
    verbe transitif ( renforcer) to strengthen [mur]; to consolidate [position, résultat, bénéfice, dette]; to strengthen [monnaie]; Médecine to set [fracture, tissus]

    2.
    se consolider verbe pronominal
    1) ( se renforcer) gén to grow stronger; [position] to be consolidated; [structure] to be strengthened
    2) ( s'affermir) to consolidate
    3) Médecine [fracture, tissus] to mend
    * * *
    kɔ̃sɔlide vt
    1) [mur, défenses] to strengthen, to reinforce
    2) fig, [liens, union] to strengthen
    * * *
    consolider verb table: aimer
    A vtr
    1 ( renforcer) to strengthen [mur]; to consolidate [position, résultat];
    2 Fin to consolidate, to fund [dette]; to strengthen [monnaie]; consolider son avance [valeur] to firm up;
    3 Compta to consolidate [bilan];
    4 Méd to set [fracture, tissus].
    1 ( se renforcer) [économie] to get stronger; [organisation] to gain strength; [relation] to grow stronger; [position] to be consolidated; [structure] to be strengthened;
    2 ( s'affermir) to consolidate;
    3 Méd [fracture, tissus] to mend.
    [kɔ̃sɔlide] verbe transitif
    1. [renforcer - édifice, meuble] to strengthen ; [ - mur] to brace, to buttress
    2. [affermir - position, majorité, amitié] to consolidate, to strengthen

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > consolider

  • 16 estrechar

    v.
    1 to narrow (hacer estrecho).
    Ellos estrecharon el camino They narrowed the path.
    2 to make closer (relaciones).
    ambos países estrecharon sus vínculos de amistad the two countries strengthened their ties of friendship
    3 to squeeze, to hug.
    estrechar la mano a alguien to shake somebody's hand
    la estrechó entre sus brazos he hugged o embraced her
    4 to embrace, to hug, to clasp.
    Elsa estrechó a su hijo Elsa embraced her son.
    5 to accept, to embrace, to honor.
    Ellos estrecharon esa religión They accepted that religion.
    6 to create economic difficulties for, to constrict, to straiten.
    El pacto estrechó al país The pact created economic difficulties for the..
    * * *
    1 (carretera) to make narrower
    2 (prenda) to take in
    3 (abrazar) to squeeze, hug; (mano) to shake
    4 figurado (obligar) to compel, constrain
    5 figurado (relaciones, lazos) to strengthen
    6 figurado (unir) to bring closer, bring together
    1 (valle etc) to narrow, become narrower
    2 (apretarse) to squeeze together, squeeze up
    3 figurado (relaciones etc) to strengthen, get stronger
    4 figurado (gastos etc) to economize, tighten one's belt
    \
    estrechar la mano de alguien to shake hands with somebody, shake somebody's hand
    estrechar los lazos de amistad figurado to strengthen the bonds of friendship
    * * *
    verb
    3) hug
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=hacer estrecho) [+ calle] to narrow; [+ vestido] to take in

    ¿me puedes estrechar esta falda? — can you take in this skirt for me?

    2) (=aumentar) [+ lazos, relaciones] to tighten; [+ amistad] to strengthen
    3) (=abrazar) to hug, embrace frm

    me estrechó entre sus brazos — he held me in his arms, he hugged me

    estrechar la mano a algn — to shake sb's hand, shake hands with sb

    4) (=obligar) to compel
    5) [+ enemigo] to press hard
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <falda/pantalones> to take... in; < carretera> to make... narrower
    2) (apretar, abrazar) < persona>
    3) <relaciones/lazos> to strengthen
    2.
    estrecharse v pron
    1) carretera/acera to narrow, get narrower
    2) (recípr) ( apretarse)
    3) relaciones/lazos to strengthen
    * * *
    Ex. The gland was pale pink in colour with an hourglass shape that was constricted in the middle.
    ----
    * estrechar el cerco = close in on.
    * estrechar el control = tighten + the grip, tighten + Posesivo + grip on.
    * estrechar filas = close + ranks.
    * estrechar la relación = strengthen + links.
    * estrechar los lazos = strengthen + links.
    * estrecharse = taper, taper in.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <falda/pantalones> to take... in; < carretera> to make... narrower
    2) (apretar, abrazar) < persona>
    3) <relaciones/lazos> to strengthen
    2.
    estrecharse v pron
    1) carretera/acera to narrow, get narrower
    2) (recípr) ( apretarse)
    3) relaciones/lazos to strengthen
    * * *

    Ex: The gland was pale pink in colour with an hourglass shape that was constricted in the middle.

    * estrechar el cerco = close in on.
    * estrechar el control = tighten + the grip, tighten + Posesivo + grip on.
    * estrechar filas = close + ranks.
    * estrechar la relación = strengthen + links.
    * estrechar los lazos = strengthen + links.
    * estrecharse = taper, taper in.

    * * *
    estrechar [A1 ]
    vt
    A ‹falda/pantalones› to take … in; ‹carretera› to make … narrower
    B (apretar, abrazar) ‹persona›
    estréchame fuerte hold me tight
    la estrechó entre sus brazos he held o clasped her tightly in his arms, he hugged o embraced her
    me estrechó la mano he shook my hand
    C ‹relaciones/lazos› to strengthen
    A «carretera/acera» to narrow, get narrower
    B ( recípr)
    (apretarse): se estrecharon en un abrazo they embraced, they hugged
    se estrecharon la mano they shook hands
    C «relaciones/lazos» to strengthen, grow stronger
    * * *

    estrechar ( conjugate estrechar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a)falda/pantalonesto take … in;

    carreterato make … narrower
    b)relaciones/lazos to strengthen

    2 (abrazar, apretar):

    me estrechó la mano he shook my hand
    estrecharse verbo pronominal
    1
    a) [carretera/acera] to narrow, get narrower

    b) [relaciones/lazos] to strengthen

    2 ( recípr) ( apretarse):

    se estrecharon la mano they shook hands
    estrechar verbo transitivo
    1 to make narrow
    2 (la mano) to shake
    3 (entre los brazos) to hug
    4 el Gobierno estrechará lazos con Cuba, the Government will strengthen bonds with Cuba
    ' estrechar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    comer
    - mano
    English:
    constrict
    - gap
    - narrow
    - wrap
    - deepen
    - taper
    * * *
    vt
    1. [hacer estrecho] to narrow;
    [ropa] to take in
    2. [amistad, relaciones] to make closer;
    [lazos] to reinforce, to strengthen;
    ambos países estrecharon sus vínculos de amistad the two countries strengthened their ties of friendship
    3. [apretar] to squeeze, to hug;
    estrechar la mano a alguien to shake sb's hand;
    la estrechó entre sus brazos he hugged o embraced her
    * * *
    v/t
    1 ropa take in
    2 mano shake
    3
    :
    * * *
    1) : to narrow
    2) : to tighten, to strengthen (a bond)
    3) : to hug, to embrace
    4)
    estrechar la mano de : to shake hands with
    * * *
    1. (ropa) to take in [pt. took; pp. taken]
    2. (mano) to shake [pt. shook; pp. shaken]

    Spanish-English dictionary > estrechar

  • 17 fortalecer

    v.
    to strengthen.
    El alimento fortaleció a los bebés The food strengthened the babies.
    La convivencia fortaleció los lazos The retreat strengthened the bonds.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ AGRADECER], like link=agradecer agradecer
    1 to fortify, strengthen
    1 to strengthen, become stronger
    * * *
    verb
    to fortify, strengthen
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=reforzar) [+ músculos, uña] to strengthen
    2) [+ divisa, sistema, posición] to strengthen
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <organismo/músculos> to strengthen, make... stronger
    b) <relación/amistad> to strengthen
    c) (Mil) ( reforzar) to reinforce
    2.
    fortalecerse v pron organismo/músculo to get stronger; espíritu to grow stronger
    * * *
    = boost, strengthen, empower, fortify, invigorate, bring + strength, beef up, cement, place + Nombre + on a firmer footing, buff up.
    Ex. If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.
    Ex. He proposes a research agenda that could strengthen archival appraisal and the profession's ability to document society.
    Ex. Literacy empowers people and can be a force for peace.
    Ex. Must she fortify herself with an arsenal of stratagems in order to survive?.
    Ex. This is a national project aimed at invigorating the rural economy through the introduction of agricultural and related technologies to farmers.
    Ex. A shift of emphasis from facts to people brings strength and purpose to library operations.
    Ex. The author advocates that the Canadian LA needs rehashing and beefing up = El autor postula que la Asociación de Bibliotecarios Canadiense necesita reestructurarse y fortalecerse.
    Ex. An in-house bulletin may serve to cement firm relationships with the library's personnel.
    Ex. Information security management has been placed on a firmer footing with the publication of standards by national bodies.
    Ex. As a general rule, you can ' buff up' your look by making your shoulders seem wider and your waist narrower.
    ----
    * fortalecer el ego = provide + ego boost.
    * fortalecer la confianza = bolster + confidence, boost + Posesivo + confidence.
    * fortalecer la relación = strengthen + links.
    * fortalecer los cimientos = strengthen + foundations.
    * fortalecer los lazos = strengthen + links.
    * fortalecerse = draw + strength from, take + heart, gain + strength.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <organismo/músculos> to strengthen, make... stronger
    b) <relación/amistad> to strengthen
    c) (Mil) ( reforzar) to reinforce
    2.
    fortalecerse v pron organismo/músculo to get stronger; espíritu to grow stronger
    * * *
    = boost, strengthen, empower, fortify, invigorate, bring + strength, beef up, cement, place + Nombre + on a firmer footing, buff up.

    Ex: If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.

    Ex: He proposes a research agenda that could strengthen archival appraisal and the profession's ability to document society.
    Ex: Literacy empowers people and can be a force for peace.
    Ex: Must she fortify herself with an arsenal of stratagems in order to survive?.
    Ex: This is a national project aimed at invigorating the rural economy through the introduction of agricultural and related technologies to farmers.
    Ex: A shift of emphasis from facts to people brings strength and purpose to library operations.
    Ex: The author advocates that the Canadian LA needs rehashing and beefing up = El autor postula que la Asociación de Bibliotecarios Canadiense necesita reestructurarse y fortalecerse.
    Ex: An in-house bulletin may serve to cement firm relationships with the library's personnel.
    Ex: Information security management has been placed on a firmer footing with the publication of standards by national bodies.
    Ex: As a general rule, you can ' buff up' your look by making your shoulders seem wider and your waist narrower.
    * fortalecer el ego = provide + ego boost.
    * fortalecer la confianza = bolster + confidence, boost + Posesivo + confidence.
    * fortalecer la relación = strengthen + links.
    * fortalecer los cimientos = strengthen + foundations.
    * fortalecer los lazos = strengthen + links.
    * fortalecerse = draw + strength from, take + heart, gain + strength.

    * * *
    fortalecer [E3 ]
    vt
    1 ‹organismo/músculos› to strengthen, make … stronger
    un ejercicio para fortalecer los muslos an exercise to tone up the thighs o to strengthen the thigh muscles
    2 ‹espíritu›
    una lectura para fortalecer el espíritu reading matter that is spiritually uplifting
    3 ‹relación/amistad› to strengthen
    4 ( Mil) (reforzar) to reinforce, strengthen
    1 «organismo/músculo» to get stronger
    2 «espíritu» to grow stronger
    * * *

     

    fortalecer ( conjugate fortalecer) verbo transitivoorganismo/músculos/amistad to strengthen
    fortalecerse verbo pronominal [organismo/músculo] to get stronger
    fortalecer verbo transitivo to fortify, strengthen
    ' fortalecer' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    reforzar
    - endurecer
    English:
    build up
    - spike
    - stiffen
    - strengthen
    - build
    - cement
    - fortify
    * * *
    vt
    to strengthen;
    el acuerdo fortalecerá las relaciones entre los dos países the agreement will strengthen relations between the two countries
    * * *
    v/t tb fig
    strengthen
    * * *
    fortalecer {53} vt
    : to strengthen, to fortify
    * * *
    fortalecer vb to strengthen

    Spanish-English dictionary > fortalecer

  • 18 clear

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be clear
    [Swahili Word] -baini
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be clear
    [Swahili Word] -bainika
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] -baini
    [Note] also: '-bainikana
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be clear
    [Swahili Word] -bainikana
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] -baini
    [Note] also: '-bainika
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be clear
    [Swahili Word] -bainikia
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] potential
    [Derived Word] v apl
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be clear
    [Swahili Word] -dhihiri
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be clear
    [Swahili Word] -elea
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be clear
    [Swahili Word] -fafanuka
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] fafanua v
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be clear
    [Swahili Word] -takata
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [English Example] it is now clear
    [Swahili Example] kumetakata
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be clear
    [Swahili Word] -tanzuka
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [English Example] it has become clear
    [Swahili Example] kumetanzuka
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be cleared of a charge
    [Swahili Word] -hongea
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] applicative
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -honga
    [Related Words] -hongeza, hongera, hongo
    [Terminology] legal
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be made clear
    [English Plural], preface to Swahili edition of Facing Mt. Kenya
    [Swahili Word] -bainishwa
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] baibi
    [Swahili Definition] kueleza vizuri ili watu wafahamu [Masomo 113]
    [English Example] I realized that our complaints and demands needed to be strengthened and to be better explained. Jomo Kenyatta
    [Swahili Example] Nilionelea kwamba malalamiko na madai yetu yalihitaji kutiwa nguvu na kubainishwa zaidi [Masomo 113]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] become clear
    [Swahili Word] -dhihirika
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] dhahiri adj
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] become clear to someone
    [Swahili Word] -dhihirikia
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] applicative
    [Swahili Example] ikamdhihirikia kwamba hamna tofauti baina ya wanawake wetu na wa Kizungu [Ya]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] -angavu
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Related Words] -angaa
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] -bainifu
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Note] Cf. '-baini
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] bayana
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Derived Word] Arabic
    [Swahili Example] mshangao uliochanganyika na hamu bayana [Muk]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] dhahiri
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Derived Word] Arabic
    [Swahili Definition] wazi
    [English Example] It was clear that that girl hadn't eaten.
    [Swahili Example] ilikuwa dhahiri kuwa msichana huyo hajala [Mt]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] dhihirifu
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] ekevu
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] elekevu
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] -eupe
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] kiada
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Derived Language] Arabic
    [Related Words] kawaida
    [Swahili Example] sema kiada
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] kichele
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] safi
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Derived Language] Arabic
    [Related Words] msafishaji, usafi, usafishaji
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] swafi
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] takatifu
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] thabiti
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] wazi
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear
    [Swahili Word] waziwazi
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear (land)
    [Swahili Word] -fieka
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear (land)
    [Swahili Word] -fyeka
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear away
    [Swahili Word] -epua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear away
    [Swahili Word] -feka
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear away
    [Swahili Word] -kumba
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear away
    [Swahili Word] -ondoa
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear away
    [Swahili Word] -sabili
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear evidence
    [Swahili Word] ubainisho
    [Swahili Plural] mabainisho
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 11/6
    [Derived Word] baina conj
    [Swahili Example] ubainisho wa makosa yake ulifafanuka
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear land
    [Swahili Word] -feka
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear land
    [Swahili Word] -fyeka
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear off
    [Swahili Word] -futa
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear off
    [Swahili Word] -jipapatua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] reflexive
    [Swahili Example] nguvu za kujipapatua zilikuwa zikimwishia [Sul]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear off from
    [Swahili Word] -ondolea
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] ondoa V
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear out
    [Swahili Word] -chokoa
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Related Words] chokochoko, kichokoo, mchokocho, mchokoo, mchokozi, uchokozi
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear out
    [Swahili Word] -kumba
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear up
    [Swahili Word] -takasa
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear up (after rain)
    [Swahili Word] -pigwa na kianga
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Related Words] -piga
    [English Example] after the storm, the whole region cleared up
    [Swahili Example] baada ya dhoruba, mkoa mzima ulipigwa na kianga
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear up (weather)
    [Swahili Word] -anuka
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] anika V
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] clear weather
    [Swahili Word] jua
    [Swahili Plural] majua
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 5/6
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] cleared space for cultivation
    [Swahili Word] fyeko
    [Swahili Plural] mafyeko
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 5/6
    [Derived Word] fyeka v
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] it is clear
    [Swahili Word] ni dhahiri
    [Part of Speech] phrase
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] make clear
    [Swahili Word] -bayini
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] make clear
    [Swahili Word] -eleza
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] make clear
    [Swahili Word] -fafanisha
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] fafanua v
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] make clear
    [Swahili Word] -fafanusha
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] fafanua v
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] make clear
    [Swahili Word] -pambazua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] make clear
    [Swahili Word] -takasa
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] make clear (to someone)
    [Swahili Word] -fafanulia
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] fafanua v
    [Swahili Definition] kueleza wazi
    [English Example] Wait and let me make this clear to you.
    [Swahili Example] Ngoja nikufafanulie [Chacha, Masomo 380]
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    English-Swahili dictionary > clear

  • 19 bestärken

    v/t (ermuntern, unterstützen) encourage; (bestätigen) confirm (in + Dat in); (These etc.) auch reinforce, strengthen; jemanden in seiner Meinung bestärken confirm s.o.’s opinion, back s.o. up; es hat mich in meinem Entschluss bestärkt it made me all the more determined, it strengthened my resolve förm.
    * * *
    to confirm; to fortify; to strengthen
    * * *
    be|stạ̈r|ken ptp bestä\#rkt
    vt
    to confirm; Verdacht auch to reinforce

    jdn in seinem Vorsatz/Wunsch bestärken — to confirm sb in his intention/desire, to make sb's intention/desire firmer or stronger

    das hat mich nur darin bestärkt, es zu tun — that merely made me all the more determined to do it

    * * *
    be·stär·ken *
    vt
    jdn [in etw dat] \bestärken to encourage sb['s sth], to support sb [in sth]
    jdn in seinem Wunsch/Vorhaben \bestärken to confirm [or strengthen] sb in their desire/intention
    jdn in einem Verdacht \bestärken to reinforce sb's suspicion
    * * *
    transitives Verb confirm

    jemanden in seinem Plan od. Vorsatz od. darin bestärken, etwas zu tun — strengthen somebody's resolve or confirm somebody in his/her resolve to do something

    * * *
    bestärken v/t (ermuntern, unterstützen) encourage; (bestätigen) confirm (
    in +dat in); (These etc) auch reinforce, strengthen;
    jemanden in seiner Meinung bestärken confirm sb’s opinion, back sb up;
    es hat mich in meinem Entschluss bestärkt it made me all the more determined, it strengthened my resolve form
    * * *
    transitives Verb confirm

    jemanden in seinem Plan od. Vorsatz od. darin bestärken, etwas zu tun — strengthen somebody's resolve or confirm somebody in his/her resolve to do something

    * * *
    v.
    to strengthen v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > bestärken

  • 20 strengthen

    strengthen ['streŋθən]
    (a) (physically → body, muscle) fortifier, raffermir; (→ person) fortifier, tonifier; (→ voice) renforcer; (improve → eyesight, hearing) améliorer;
    to strengthen one's body by exercise fortifier son corps en faisant de l'exercice;
    also figurative to strengthen one's grip or hold on sth resserrer son emprise sur qch
    (b) (reinforce → firm, nation) renforcer; (→ fear, emotion, effect) renforcer, intensifier; (→ belief, argument) renforcer; (→ link, friendship) renforcer, fortifier; (morally → person) fortifier;
    the decision strengthened my resolve la décision n'a fait que renforcer ma détermination;
    I felt strengthened by the experience je suis sorti plus fort de cette expérience
    (c) (foundation, structure) renforcer, consolider; (material) renforcer
    (d) Finance (currency, economy) consolider, raffermir
    (a) (physically → body) se fortifier, se raffermir; (→ voice) devenir plus fort; (→ grip) se resserrer
    (b) (increase → influence, effect, desire) augmenter, s'intensifier; (→ wind) forcir; (→ current) augmenter, se renforcer; (→ friendship, character, resolve) se renforcer, se fortifier
    (c) Finance (prices, market) se consolider, se raffermir

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > strengthen

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  • corroborate — verb (t) /kəˈrɒbəreɪt / (say kuh robuhrayt) (corroborated, corroborating) 1. to make more certain; confirm. –adjective /kəˈrɒbərət/ (say kuh robuhruht) 2. Obsolete corroborated. {Latin corrōborātus, past participle, strengthened} –corroborative… …  

  • strengthen — [[t]stre̱ŋθ(ə)n[/t]] ♦♦♦ strengthens, strengthening, strengthened 1) VERB If something strengthens a person or group or if they strengthen their position, they become more powerful and secure, or more likely to succeed. [V n] ...the new… …   English dictionary

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